ENGLISH CORNER
jueves, 19 de marzo de 2020
lunes, 18 de febrero de 2019
martes, 16 de octubre de 2018
present pefect simple present perfect progressive
Form
Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Progressive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs
regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed
|
form of 'have' + been + verb + ing
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Exceptions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptions when adding 'ed' :
| Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
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SIMPLE PAST
fUNCIONES DEL "SIMPLE PAST"
El "simple past" se utiliza para hablar de una acción que concluyó en un tiempo anterior al actual. La duración no es relevante. El tiempo en que se sitúa la acción puede ser el pasado reciente o un pasado lejano.
EJEMPLOS
- John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
- My father died last year.
- He lived in Fiji in 1976.
- We crossed the Channel yesterday.
Siempre se utiliza el "simple past" para referirse a cuándo ocurrió algo, de modo que va asociado a ciertas expresiones temporales que indican:
- frecuencia: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school. - un tiempo determinado: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night - un tiempo indeterminado: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.
- She played the piano when she was a child.
Nota: el término ago es útil para expresar distancia temporal en el pasado. Se coloca después del periodo de tiempo de que se trate: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
Cuidado: el "simple past" del inglés puede parecerse a un tiempo verbal de tu propio idioma y, sin embargo, su significado puede ser distinto.
FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST"
FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST" CON VERBOS REGULARES
Afirmativa | ||
Sujeto | + raíz + ed | |
I | skipped. | |
Negativa | ||
Sujeto | + did not | + infinitivo sin to |
They | didn't | go. |
Interrogativa | ||
Did | + sujeto | + infinitivo sin to |
Did | she | arrive? |
Interrogativa negativa | ||
Did not | + sujeto | + infinitivo sin to |
Didn't | you | play? |
TO WALK
Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa |
---|---|---|
I walked | I didn't walk | Did I walk? |
You walked | You didn't walk | Did you walk? |
He walked | He didn't walk | Did he walk? |
We walked | We didn't walk | Did we walk? |
They walked | They didn't walk | Did they walk? |
"SIMPLE PAST" DE LOS VERBOS TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO
Sujeto | Verbo | ||
---|---|---|---|
Be | Have | Do | |
I | was | had | did |
You | were | had | did |
He/She/It | was | had | did |
We | were | had | did |
You | were | had | did |
They | were | had | did |
NOTAS SOBRE LAS CONSTRUCCIONES AFIRMATIVA, NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
AFIRMATIVA
La forma afirmativa del "simple past" es sencilla.
- I was in Japan last year
- She had a headache yesterday.
- We did our homework last night.
NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
Para las formas negativa e interrogativa del "simple past" del verbo "do" como verbo ordinario, se emplea como auxiliar "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
La forma negativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele construirse utilizando el auxiliar "do", aunque en ocasiones solo se añade not o la contracción "n't".
La forma negativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele construirse utilizando el auxiliar "do", aunque en ocasiones solo se añade not o la contracción "n't".
La forma interrogativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele emplear el auxiliar "do".
EJEMPLOS
- They weren't in Rio last summer.
- We didn't have any money.
- We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
- We didn't do our exercises this morning.
- Were they in Iceland last January?
- Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
- Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
Nota: para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa de todos los verbos en "simple past", se utiliza siempre el auxiliar 'did''.
"SIMPLE PAST": VERBOS IRREGULARES
Algunos verbos hacen el "simple past" de forma irregular. Estos son los más comunes.
TO GO
- He went to a club last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night?
- He didn't go to bed early last night.
TO GIVE
- We gave her a doll for her birthday.
- They didn't give John their new address.
- Did Barry give you my passport?
TO COME
- My parents came to visit me last July.
- We didn't come because it was raining.
- Did he come to your party last week?
martes, 6 de febrero de 2018
CAN
The three main uses of Can are: 1) ability 2) possibility
and 3) permission. However there are some other used of Canas we
will see below.
1. To express ability
Can means to be (physically) able to do something OR to know how to do
something.
- Birds can fly.
- Elephants can't fly.
- I can speak
two languages.
2. To express a possibility (in general)
This refers to a theoretical possibility.
Note: we don't use can to talk about future possibilities. For this you would use may or might.
Note: we don't use can to talk about future possibilities. For this you would use may or might.
- It can get
cold there at night so take a jacket.
- I know
you can win the competition.
- Well, I
think your car can be repaired, but it's not going to be
cheap.
3. To offer to do something for others
Can is used when you offer to help someone or to do something for them.
- You
don't need to walk home. I can take you there if you
like.
- Can I carry your bags for
you?
4. To ask for or give permission / To request something
Can is used to ask for / request permission or to give permission.
Note: Can't is used to refuse permission.
Note: Can't is used to refuse permission.
- You can use
my umbrella, I don't need it right now.
- Can I sit in that chair
please?
- Mary,
you can play outside if you like.
- Can I ask you a question?
- You can't go
to the park. It will still be wet from the rain last night.
- We can't leave
the room until the assignment is completed.
5. Can't: Something that is forbidden or not allowed
- We cannot park
the car next to this fire hydrant.
- You can drive
as fast as you want on the German motorways.
- You can't smoke
in the restaurant.
- You cannot drive
a car without a license.
6. Can't: when you are sure that something isn't true or something is
surprising
- It can't be
dark outside! It's only 4.30pm!
- They can't have
landed on the moon, I'm sure it's a hoax.
For more examples, including how to make questions, see our grammar notes
about Can - Cannot. You might also want to see our Can - Can't - Cannot Game
COULD
Could is similar to Can and often replaces Can in
the past tense (though not always)
1. To express ability in the past
- I could ride
a horse when I was younger but now I can't.
- She could juggle
eight balls when she was only 10 years old.
- He
could read when he was three years old.
2. Polite word used to ask for permission or to request something (in the
present)
- Could I please use your
bathroom?
- Could we move on to the next
topic now please?
- Could you pass me the salt
please?
- I'm
busy right now. Could you call back later?
3. General permission in the past
- In high
school, we couldn't leave the classroom without a pass.
- He couldn't go
to the concert because his mother wouldn't let him.
Modal Verbs of Ability and Permission
Exercise at Auto-English
Check through the different uses.
TYPE
|
USE
|
MODAL
VERBS
|
EXAMPLE
|
1
|
expressing
ability
|
CAN
|
María can
drive.
|
2
|
asking for
permission
|
MAY, CAN, COULD
|
Could I
borrow your pen?
|
3
|
giving
permission
|
MAY, CAN
|
You can
use my phone.
|
4
|
refusing
permission, prohibition
|
CAN'T, MAY
NOT
|
You may
not talk in the exam
|
5
|
requests
|
CAN, COULD
|
Can you
pass me the salt?
|
Look at the following phrases and write in which type you think it is. Then
use one of the modal verbs in brackets to fill the gaps.
TYPE
|
||
1
|
_______
|
You
(may/could)________________ leave now if you wish.
|
2
|
_______
|
(Could/May)________________
you open the window a bit, please?
|
3
|
_______
|
(May/Can)________________
you play the piano?
|
4
|
_______
|
Listen,
please. You (may not/could not)________________ speak during this exam.
|
5
|
_______
|
You
(can't/might not)________________ smoke on the bus.
|
6
|
_______
|
(Can't/May)________________
I make a call on your mobile?
|
7
|
_______
|
Do you
know if Mark (can/may)________________ sing?
|
8
|
_______
|
(Can't/May)________________ I
sit here, please?
|
9
|
_______
|
Caroline,
your friends (can/could)________________ stay the night if they want to.
They're perfectly welcome.
|
10
|
_______
|
I'm sorry
but you (can't/may)________________ use the computer until after I've
finished.
|
11
|
_______
|
(May/Could)________________
you lend me 40 Euros til Monday?
|
12
|
_______
|
Listen,
please. Students (may/could)________________ study in the library from
five to nine in the evening.
|
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